Crime Scene Management: Scene Specific Methods

Second edition of an established text on common procedures for the identification and processing of evidence at scenes of crime   Includes chapters on quality assurance and credibility of practices and processes issues surrounding major and complex crime  Forensic handling of mass fatalities Crime scene reconstruction and impact on evidence recovery processes INDICE: Introduction and Use of this Text xi .List of Contributors xiv .About the Companion Website xv .PART I Crime Scene Principles 1 .1 The Crime Scene Context 3Raul Sutton .1.1 Introduction 3 .1.2 What is a crime? 4 .1.3 The nature of the UK legal system 6 .1.4 The legal system in England and Wales 7 .1.5 Other courts 9 .1.6 The judicial system in Northern Ireland 9 .1.7 The Scottish legal system 11 .1.8 Judicial processes that deal with causes of death 12 .1.9 What constitutes evidence? 14 .1.10 The chain of events in evidence gathering 15 .1.11 The relationship between evidence gatherers and analysts 19 .1.12 Health and safety considerations 20 .Suggested further reading 21 .2 First Officer Attending 22Keith Trueman and Christopher Moran .2.1 Introduction 22 .2.2 Response to incident report 23 .2.3 Personnel involved in the investigative process 24 .2.4 Recording and recovery of scientific evidence 25 .2.5 Initial considerations of the First Officer Attending (FOA) 25 .2.6 Dealing with the victim 27 .2.7 Dealing with witnesses 28 .2.8 Dealing with suspects 29 .2.9 Dealing with the crime scene(s) 29 .2.10 Documentation 35 .2.11 Dealing with violent crime 35 .2.12 Summary and conclusion 36 .3 The Role of the Crime Scene Investigator 38Keith Trueman and Christopher Moran .3.1 Introduction 38 .3.2 Training the CSI 39 .3.3 The responsibilities of a CSI 40 .3.4 Forensic evidence 42 .3.5 Request for CSI attendance at crime scenes 46 .3.6 Actions when attending the crime scene 47 .3.7 Initial scene assessment (including health and safety considerations) 48 .3.8 Planning evidence recovery 51 .3.9 Recording the evidence 52 .3.10 The elimination process 58 .3.11 Details of evidence recovered 58 .3.12 Integrity, continuity and contamination 59 .3.13 Packaging materials 64 .3.14 Conclusion 68 .PART II Evidence–gathering Techniques 71 .4 Police Photography, Video Recording,3D Laser Scanning 73Chris Crowe and Christopher Moran .4.1 Introduction 73 .4.2 General guidelines 74 .4.3 Equipment 75 .4.4 Exposure 76 .4.5 Image quality/size 80 .4.6 Depth of field 81 .4.7 White balance 83 .4.8 Image data 83 .4.9 Flash photography 84 .4.10 Room interiors 85 .4.11 Vehicles 85 .4.12 Evidential items 85 .4.13 Recording injuries to the person 86 .4.14 Night photography 88 .4.15 Footwear impressions 89 .4.16 Fingerprints 90 .4.17 Recording video evidence at crime scenes 92 .4.18 The use of digital images in court 94 .4.19 3D laser scanning of scenes 95 .Suggested further reading 96 .5 Fingerprints 97David Charlton .5.1 Introduction 97 .5.2 The nature of friction ridge skin 99 .5.3 The structure of friction ridge skin 100 .5.4 Friction ridge growth 100 .5.5 Principles of friction ridge identification 102 .5.6 Comparison methodology 103 .5.7 Chemical composition of latent prints 105 .5.8 Identification of common locations for prints 107 .5.9 The use of powdering techniques to enhance latent finger marks 109 .5.10 Chemical development techniques 112 .5.11 Laboratory and scene applications 113 .5.12 Fingerprints in bodily fluids 115 .5.13 Scenes of fire 118 .5.14 Optical methods to reveal fingerprints (laser and other light sources) 119 .5.15 New and emerging techniques 122 .5.16 Remote transmission 122 .5.17 Chapter summary 123 .Acknowledgements 125 .Selected further reading 126 .6 DNA–rich Evidence 128Terry Bartlett and Sara Short .6.1 Introduction and historical background 128 .6.2 The structure and properties of DNA 129 .6.3 DNA analysis 130 .6.4 Types of DNA testing 130 .6.5 Biological evidence 134 .6.6 Procedures for collection of biological evidence: general considerations 136 .6.7 Limitations of DNA evidence 147 .6.8 Elimination and reference samples 148 .6.9 Summary 148 .References 149 .7 Blood Pattern Analysis 151Raul Sutton and Terry Bartlett .7.1 Introduction 151 .7.2 History of the development of blood spatter as a scientific discipline 152 .7.3 Composition of blood 153 .7.4 Physical properties of blood 154 .7.5 Causes of bleeding 156 .7.6 Blood dynamics 157 .7.7 Drop–surface impact and droplet pattern 157 .7.8 Determination of area of origin of spatter 161 .7.9 Cast–off patterns 162 .7.10 Arterial damage patterns 163 .7.11 Non–spatter patterns 166 .7.12 Physiologically altered bloodstains 169 .7.13 Volume bloodstains 173 .7.14 Composite patterns 175 .7.15 Investigative transfer and contamination issues 176 .7.16 Recording traces 176 .7.17 Summary 178 .Suggested further reading 178 .8 Physical Evidence 180Craig Williams .8.1 Introduction 180 .8.2 Tool marks 180 .8.3 Clothing 182 .8.4 Fibres 183 .8.5 Footwear impressions 186 .8.6 Glass fragments 188 .8.7 Glass fragmentation 190 .8.8 Soils 192 .8.9 Firearms 193 .8.10 Scene recovery of firearms 197 .8.11 Gunshot residues (GSR) 199 .8.12 Drugs of abuse (DOA) 200 .8.13 The crime scene characteristics of various DOA 202 .8.14 Presumptive tests for drugs 203 .8.15 Amateur explosives 206 .8.16 Summary 206 .Suggested further reading 207 .PART III Specialised Scenes and Report Writing 209 .9 Fire Scene Examination 211Chris Perry and Mark McCabe .9.1 Introduction 211 .9.2 The nature of fire 212 .9.3 The oxygen demand of fuels 214 .9.4 Flame and fire classifications; fire development 217 .9.5 Types of evidence specific to fire scenes 219 .9.6 Locating the origin of the fire 220 .9.7 Fire cause determination and evidence–gathering methods 223 .9.8 Methods for ascertaining whether a crime has been committed 226 .9.9 Health and safety considerations 228 .9.10 Summary 229 .Suggested further reading 230 .10 Examination of Recovered Stolen Motor Vehicles 231Keith Trueman .10.1 Introduction 231 .10.2 What is a motor vehicle? 233 .10.3 The definition of an auto crime 233 .10.4 Auto crime scene examinations 237 .10.5 Requests to attend an auto crime scene 238 .10.6 The examination process 241 .10.7 Conclusion 251 .11 Managing Complex Scenes and Multiple or Mass Fatality Scenes 252Christopher Moran and Derek Forest .11.1 Introduction 252 .11.2 Self–briefing 254 .11.3 Communication 255 .11.4 Establishing priorities 255 .11.5 Avoidance of contamination 256 .11.6 The forensic strategy 257 .11.7 Defence case review meeting 259 .11.8 Incident debrief 259 .11.9 Introduction to mass fatality incidents 260 .11.10 The range and nature of mass fatality incidents 261 .11.11 The type of investigation conducted 261 .11.12 Sequence of events in managing disaster victim identification scenes 262 .11.13 Recovery of mortal remains 264 .Suggested further reading 266 .12 Preparing Reports and Statements 267Keith Trueman .12.1 Introduction 267 .12.2 Documentation at the crime scene 268 .12.3 Photography 269 .12.4 Plans, sketches and diagrams 269 .12.5 The exhibit label 271 .12.6 Handling the evidence 275 .12.7 Statements of evidence 278 .12.8 Criminal Justice Act 1967, section 9 278 .12.9 Crime scene examination statements 279 .12.10 Conclusion 281 .13 Quality Assurance in Crime Scene Investigation 283Christopher Moran .13.1 Introduction 283 .13.2 Informal aspects of quality assurance 284 .13.3 The development of formal quality assurance 284 .13.4 The role of the Forensic Science Regulator 285 .13.5 Responsibility for measuring quality assurance 286 .13.6 The accreditation process 287 .13.7 Organisational requirements for accreditation 288 .13.8 Personnel requirements for accreditation 288 .13.9 Resource requirements for accreditation 289 .13.10 Process requirements for accreditation 289 .13.11 Management requirements for accreditation 290 .13.12 Maintaining accreditation 290 .Suggested further reading 292 .Appendices 293 .Index 303

• ISBN: 978-1-119-18090-6
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 328
• Fecha Publicación: 28/10/2016
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés