This concise and systematic account of the current state of this new branch of astrophysics presents the theoretical foundations of plasma astrophysics, magneto-hydrodynamics and coronal magnetic structures, taking into account the full range of available observation techniques -- from radio to gamma.The book discusses stellar loops during flare energy releases, MHD waves and oscillations, plasma instabilities and heating and charged particle acceleration. Current trends and developments in MHD seismology of solar and stellar coronal plasma systems are also covered, while recent progress is presented in the observational study of quasi-periodic pulsations in solar and stellar flares with radio, optical, X and gamma rays. In addition, the authors investigate the origin of coherent radio emission from stellar loops, paying special attention to their fine structure.For advanced students and specialists in astronomy, as well as theoretical and plasma physics. INDICE: Preface IX1 Introduction 11.1 Magnetic Loops and Open Flux Tubes as Basic Structural Elements in Solar and Stellar Coronae 11.2 Data of Observations and Types of Coronal Loops 21.3 The MHD Approach for Coronal Plasma 5References 82 Coronal Magnetic Loop as an Equivalent Electric Circuit 92.1 A Physical Model of an Isolated Loop 102.2 The Formation of Magnetic Tubes by Photospheric Convection 122.3 The Structure of the Coronal Part of a Flux Tube 182.4 Diagnostics of Electric Currents 212.4.1 €˜€˜Warm€™€™ Loops 212.4.2 €˜€˜Hot X-ray€™€™ Loops 222.4.2.1 Flare Magnetic Loops 232.5 The Equivalent Electric Circuit 252.6 Inductive Interaction of Magnetic Loops 292.7 Waves of Electric Current in Arcades of Coronal Magnetic Loops 302.8 Magnetic Loops above Spots 33References 363 Resonators for MHD Oscillations in Stellar Coronae 393.1 Eigenmodes of Coronal Loops: The Plasma Cylinder Approach and the Dispersion Equation403.1.1 Trapped Modes 433.1.1.1 Global Sausage Mode 453.1.1.2 Global Kink Mode 453.1.2 Leaky Modes 463.1.2.1 Sausage Mode 463.1.2.2 Kink Modes 513.1.3 Ballooning Modes 533.2 MHD Resonator at ˆ¼1RO in the Solar Corona 543.3 ExcitationMechanisms for Loop Oscillations 573.3.1 External Triggers 573.3.2 ParametricExcitation of Loop Oscillations by p-Modes 593.3.3 Internal Excitation 603.3.3.1 The Excitation of the Sausage Mode by Instantaneous Energy Release 613.3.3.2 The Excitation of the Global Kink Mode by Chromosphere Evaporation 623.3.3.3 The Excitation of the Sausage Mode by High-Energy Protons under the Bounce-Resonance Condition 63References 64Further Reading 664 Propagating MHD Waves inCoronal Plasma Waveguides 674.1 MHD Waves in Vertical Coronal Magnetic Flux Tubes 684.1.1 Effects of Stratification 694.2 Propagating Waves in Coronal Loops 744.2.1 Propagating Compressible Waves in Coronal Loops 744.2.2 Transverse Waves in Coronal Loops 784.3 Waves in Coronal Jets 804.4 Evolution of Short-Wavelength, Fast Magnetoacoustic Waves 834.5 Alfv´en Wave Phase Mixing 874.5.1 Damping of Alfv´en Waves because of Phase Mixing 884.5.2 Enhanced Nonlinear Generation of Oblique Fast Waves by Phase-Mixed Alfv´en Waves 89References 915 Prominence Seismology 935.1 Prominence Models 935.2 Prominence Oscillations 955.3The Heating Effect 975.4 Nonlinear Oscillations: Dynamical Modes 995.5 Flare Processes in Prominences 1085.6 Stellar and Interstellar Prominences 109References 1116 The Coronal Loop as a Magnetic Mirror Trap 1136.1 Particle Distribution in a Coronal Loop 1136.1.1 Gyrosynchrotron Emission from a Flaring Loop 1166.2 Kinetic Instabilities in a Loop 1186.2.1 A Loop as an Electron Cyclotron Maser 1186.2.2 The Plasma Mechanism of the Radio Emission from Coronal Loops 1196.2.3 Instabilities of Whistlers and Small-Scale Alfv´en Waves 1236.3 The Fine Structure of Radio Emission from Coronal Loops 1256.3.1 Sudden Reductions 1266.3.2 Zebra Pattern 1266.3.3 Diagnostics of Coronal Plasma Using the Fine Structure of Radio Emission 129References 1297 Flaring Events in Stellar CoronalLoops 1317.1 Particle Acceleration and Explosive Joule Heating in Current-Carrying Loops 1317.1.1 Where Is the Acceleration Region Located? 1327.1.2 Large-Scale Electric Fields in Flare Loops 1337.1.2.1 The Charge-Separation ElectricField 1347.1.2.2 Inductive Electric Field 1367.1.3 The Impulsive and Pulsating Modes of Acceleration 1387.1.4 The Current of Accelerated Electrons (Colgate€™s Paradox) 1407.1.5 Explosive Joule Energy Release. The Role of Flute Instability and Cowling Conductivity 1407.2 The Kinematics of Energetic Particles ina Loop and the Consequent Radiation 1437.2.1 Diffusion Regimes of AcceleratedParticles in Coronal Loops 1457.2.2 Consequences of the Strong Diffusion of Energetic Particles 1497.2.2.1 Turbulent Propagation of Fast Electrons in a Loop 1497.2.2.2 Turbulent Propagation of Superthermal Ions: the Absence of LinearPolarization in Hα Emission of a Solar Flare 1557.2.2.3 Time Delays in Hard X-Ray and γ -Ray Emission 1587.2.2.4 Transformation of Energetic Particle Spectra in a Coronal Loop 160References 161Further Reading 1638 Stellar Coronal Seismology as a Diagnostic Tool for Flare Plasma 1658.1 Modulation of Flaring Emission by MHD Oscillations 1658.1.1 Modulation of Gyrosynchrotron Emission 1668.1.2 Modulation of Plasma Radiation 1678.1.3 Modulation of the Electron Precipitation Rate 1688.2 Global Sausage Mode and Diagnostics of the Solar Event of 12 January 2000 1698.3 Dissipative Processes in Coronal Loop for MHD Modes 1718.4 The Stellar Flare Plasma Diagnostics from Multiwavelength Observations Stellar Flares 1728.4.1 Pulsations in the Optical Range (U,B) in an EV Lac Flare 1738.4.2 Quasi-Periodic Oscillations (QPOs) from EQ Peg 1748.4.3 Soft X-Ray Pulsations from a Flare of AT Mic 1768.5 Diagnostics of Electric Currents in Stellar Atmospheres 1778.5.1 Observational Evidence for Energy Accumulation andDissipation in Coronal Magnetic Loop 1788.5.2 Pulsating Microwave Emission from AD Leo 181References 1839 Heating Mechanisms in Stellar Coronae 1859.1 WaveHeating 1869.1.1 Parametric Excitation of Acoustic Oscillations 1889.1.2 The Energy of Acoustic Oscillations 1899.1.3 Acoustic Wave Heating Function 1919.1.4 Thermal Balance in a Coronal Magnetic Loop 1929.1.5 Hot X-Ray Loops in the Solar Corona 1949.1.6 Magnetic Loops in Late-Type Stars 1959.2 Ohmic Dissipation of Electric Currents 1969.3 Heating by Microflares 199References 20310 Loops and QPOs in Neutron Stars and Accretion Disk Coronae 20510.1 The Origin of Fast QPOs from Magnetars and Diagnostics of Magnetar Corona 20510.1.1 A Brief Overview of the Existing Models 20610.1.2 An Equivalent Electric RLC Circuit 20810.1.3 The Flare of SGR 1806-20 on 27 December 2004 20910.1.4 Excitation of High-Frequency Current Oscillations of the Current in Coronal Loop 21010.2 Coronae of Accretion Disks 21210.2.1 Accretion Disk Corona of Cyg X-1 21310.2.2 QPOs in Accretion Disks 215References 21511 Conclusions 217References 218Index 219
- ISBN: 978-3-527-40994-5
- Editorial: Wiley-VCH
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 230
- Fecha Publicación: 04/04/2012
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés