OpenGL programming guide: the official guide to learning OpenGL version 2.1

OpenGL(R) Programming Guide, Sixth Edition OpenGL is a powerful software interface used to produce high-quality, computergenerated images and interactive applications using 2D and 3D objects, bitmaps, and color images. The OpenGL(R) Programming Guide, Sixth Edition, provides definitive and comprehensive information on OpenGL and the OpenGL Utility Library. The previous edition covered OpenGL through Version 2.0. This sixth edition of the best-selling "red book" describes the latest features of OpenGL Version 2.1. You will find clear explanations of OpenGL functionality and many basic computer graphics techniques, such as building and rendering 3D models; interactively viewing objects from different perspective points; and using shading, lighting, and texturing effects for greater realism. In addition, this book provides in-depth coverage of advanced techniques, including texture mapping, antialiasing, fog and atmospheric effects, NURBS, image processing, and more. The text also explores other key topics such as enhancing performance, OpenGL extensions, and cross-platform techniques. This sixth edition has been updated to include the newest features of OpenGL Version 2.1 , including: *Using server-side pixel buffer objects for fast pixel rectangle download and retrieval *Discussion of the sRGB texture format *Expanded discussion of the OpenGL Shading Language This editioncontinues the discussion of the OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL) and explains the mechanics of using this language to create complex graphics effects and boost the computational power of OpenGL. The OpenGL Technical Library provides tutorial and reference books for OpenGL. The Library enables programmers to gaina practical understanding of OpenGL and shows them how to unlock its full potential. Originally developed by SGI, the Library continues to evolve under theauspices of the OpenGL Architecture Review Board (ARB) Steering Group (now part of the Khronos Group), an industry consortium responsible for guiding the evolution of OpenGL and related technologies. INDICE: Figures xxi Tables xxv Examples xxix About This Guide xxxvWhat This Guide Contains xxxv What's New in This Edition xxxviii What You Should Know Before Reading This Guide xxxviii How to Obtain the Sample Code xxxix Nate Robins' OpenGL Tutors xl Errata xl Style Conventions xlAcknowledgments xliiiChapter 1: Introduction to OpenGL 1What Is OpenGL? 2 A Smidgen of OpenGL Code 5 OpenGL Command Syntax 7 OpenGL as a State Machine 9 OpenGL Rendering Pipeline 10 OpenGL-Related Libraries 14 Animation 20Chapter 2: State Management and Drawing Geometric Objects 27A Drawing Survival Kit 29 Describing Points, Lines, and Polygons 37 Basic State Management 48 Displaying Points, Lines, and Polygons 50 Normal Vectors 63 Vertex Arrays 65 Buffer Objects 82 Attribute Groups 91 Some Hints for Building Polygonal Models of Surfaces 94Chpater 3: Viewing 103Overview: The Camera Analogy 106 Viewing and Modeling Transformations 117 Projection Transformations 133 Viewport Transformation 138 Troubleshooting Transformations 142 Manipulating the Matrix Stacks 145 Additional Clipping Planesv 149 Examples of Composing Several Transformations 152 Reversing or Mimicking Transformations 160Chapter 4: Color 165Color Perception 166 Computer Color 168 RGBA versus Color-Index Mode 170 Specifying a Color and a Shading Model 176Chapter 5: Lighting 183A Hidden-Surface Removal Survival Kit 185 Real-World and OpenGL Lighting 187 A Simple Example: Rendering a Lit Sphere 190 Creating Light Sources 194 Selecting a Lighting Model 207 Defining Material Properties 211 The Mathematics of Lighting 220 Lighting in Color-Index Mode 226Chapter 6: Blending, Antialiasing, Fog, and Polygon Offset 229Blending 231 Antialiasing 247 Fogv 261 Point Parameters 271 Polygon Offset v274Chapter 7: Display Lists 277Why Use Display Lists? 278 An Example of Using a Display List 279 Display List Design Philosophy v282 Creating and Executing a Display List 285 Executing Multiple Display v292 Managing State Variables with Display Lists 297Chapter 8: Drawing Pixels, Bitmaps, Fonts, and Images 301Bitmaps and Fonts 303 Images 312 ImagingPipeline 321 Reading and Drawing Pixel Rectangles 337 Using Buffer Objects with Pixel Rectangle Data 341 Tips for Improving Pixel Drawing Rates 345 ImagingSubsetv 346Chapter 9: Texture Mapping 369An Overview and an Example 375 Specifying the Texture 380 Filtering 411 Texture Objects 414 Texture Functions 421 Assigning Texture Coordinates 425 Automatic Texture-Coordinate Generation 434 Multitexturing 443 Texture Combiner Functions 449 Applying Secondary Color after Texturing 455 Sprites 456 The Texture Matrix Stack 457 Depth Textures 459Chapter 10: The Framebuffer 465Buffers and Their Uses 468 Testing and Operating on Fragments 475 The Accumulation Bufferv 490Chapter 11: Tessellators and Quadrics 505Polygon Tessellation 506 Quadrics: Rendering Spheres, Cylinders, and Disks 523Chapter 12: Evaluators and NURBS 533Prerequisites 535 Evaluatorsv 536 The GLU NURBS Interface 550Chapter 13: Selection and Feedback 569Selection 570Feedbackv 591Chapter 14: Now That You Knowv 599Error Handling 601 Which Version Am I Using? 603 Extensions to the Standard 605 Cheesy Translucency 608 An Easy Fade Effect 608 Object Selection Using the Back Buffer 610 Cheap Image Transformation 611 Displaying Layers 612 Antialiased Characters 613 Drawing Round Points 616 Interpolating Images 616 Making Decals 616 Drawing Filled, Concave Polygons Using the Stencil Buffer 618 Finding Interference Regions 619 Shadows621 Hidden-Line Removal 622 Texture Mapping Applications 624 Drawing Depth-Buffered Images 625 Dirichlet Domains 625 Life in the Stencil Buffer 627 Alternative Uses for glDrawPixels() and glCopyPixels() 628Chapter 15: The OpenGL Shading Language 631The OpenGL Graphics Pipeline and Programmable Shading 632 Using GLSL Shaders 636 The OpenGL Shading Language 644 Creating Shaders with GLSL 645 Accessing Texture Maps in Shaders 661 Shader Preprocessor 664Appendix A: Order of Operations 679Overview 680 Geometric Operations 681 Pixel Operations 682 Fragment Operations 683Odds and Ends 684Appendix B: State Variables 685The Query Commands 686 OpenGL State Variables 688 Appendix C: OpenGL and Window Systems 735Accessing New OpenGL Functions 736 GLX: OpenGL Extension for the X Window System 737 AGL: OpenGL Extensions for the Apple Macintosh 744 PGL: OpenGLExtension for IBM OS/2 Warp 749 WGL: OpenGL Extension for Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT/ME/2000/XP 753Appendix D: Basics of GLUT: The OpenGL Utility Toolkit 759Initializing and Creating a Window 760 Handling Window and Input Events 761 Loading the Color Map 763 Initializing and Drawing Three-Dimensional Objects 763 Managing a Background Process 765 Running the Program 765Appendix E: Calculating Normal Vectors 767Finding Normals for Analytic Surfaces 769 Finding Normals from Polygonal Data 771Appendix F: Homogeneous Coordinates and Transformation Matrices 773Homogeneous Coordinates 774 Transformation Matrices 775Appendix G: Programming Tips 779OpenGL Correctness Tips 780 OpenGL Performance Tips 782 GLX Tips 784Appendix H: OpenGL Invariance 785Appendix I: Built-In OpenGL Shading Language Variables and Functions 789Variables 790 Built-In Functions 802Glossary 815 Index 837

• ISBN: 978-0-321-48100-9
• Editorial: Addison-Wesley
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 862
• Fecha Publicación: 01/01/2008
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés