Physics of Multiantenna Systems and Broadband Processing presents the physicsof multiantenna systems and broadband processing. The book provides a methodology for applying the concept of channel capacity in the correct fashion basedon the Maxwellian principles. The capacity is defined in terms of the antennagain and not directivity. Due to huge growth in the field of electronic communications, the need for a reference book such as this can only be expected to increase in the next decade. INDICE: Preface. Acknowledgments. Chapter 1. What is an Antenna and How Does it Work?. 1.0 Summary. 1.1 Historical Overview of Maxwells Equations. 1.2 Review of Maxwell-Heaviside-Hertz Equations. 1.2.1 Faradays Law. 1.2.2 Generalized Amp'res Law. 1.2.3 Generalized Gausss Law of Electrostatics. 1.2.4 Generalized Gausss Law of Magnetostatics. 1.2.5 Equation of Continuity0. 1.3 Solutionof Maxwells Equations. 1.4 Radiation and Reception Properties of A Point Source Antenna in Frequency and Time Domain. 1.4.1 Radiation of Fields from Point Sources. 1.4.1.1 Far Field in Frequency Domain of a Point Radiator. 1.4.1.2 Far Field in Time Domain of a Point Radiator. 1.4.2 Reception Properties of a Point Receiver. 1.5 Radiation and Reception Properties of Finite-Sized Dipole-Like Structures in Frequency and in Time. 1.5.1 Radiation Fields from Wire-like Structures in the Frequency Domain. 1.5.2 Radiation Fields from Wire-like Structures in the Time Domain. 1.5.3 Induced Voltage on a Finite-Sized Receive Wire-like Structure due to a Transient Incident Field. 1.6 Conclusion. References. Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Antenna Theory in the Frequency Domain. 2.0 Summary. 2.1 Field Produced by a Hertzian Dipole. 2.2 Concept of Near and Far Fields. 2.3 Field Radiated by a Small Circular Loop. 2.4 Field Produced by a FiniteSized Dipole. 2.5 Radiation Field From a Linear Antenna. 2.6 Near and Far Field Properties of Antennas. 2.6.1 What Is Beamforming Using Antennas. 2.6.2 Useof Spatial Antenna Diversity. 2.7 The Mathematics And Physics of an Antenna Array. 2.8 Propagation Modeling in the Frequency Domain. 2.9 Conclusions. References. Chapter 3. Fundamentals of an Antenna in the Time Domain. 3.0 Summary. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 UWB Input Pulse. 3.3 Traveling-Wave Antenna. 3.4 Reciprocity Relation Between Antennas. 3.5 Antenna Simulations. 3.6 Loaded Antennas. 3.6.1 Dipole. 3.6.2 Bicones. 3.6.3 TEM Horn. 3.6.4 Log-Periodic. 3.6.5 Spiral.3.7 Conventional Wideband Antennas. 3.7.1 Volcano Smoke. 3.7.2 Diamond Dipole. 3.7.3 Monofilar Helix. 3.7.4 Conical Spiral. 3.7.6 Monoloop. 3.7.7 Quad-Ridged Circular Horn. 3.7.8 Bi-Blade with Century Bandwidth. 3.7.9 Cone-Blade. 3.7.10 Vivaldi. 3.7.11 Impulse Radiating Antenna (IRA). 3.7.12 Circular Disc Dipole. 3.7.13 Bow-Tie. 3.7.14 Planar Slot. 3.8 Experimental Verification of the Wideband Responses from Antennas. 3.10 Conclusions. References. Chapter 4. A Look at the Concept of Channel Capacity from a Maxwellian Viewpoint. 4.0 Summary. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 History of Entropy and Its Evolution. 4.3 Different Formulations for the Channel Capacity. 4.4 Information Content of a Waveform. 4.5 Numerical Examples Illustrating the Relevance of the Maxwellian Physics Characterizing the Channel Capacity. 4.5.1 Matched Versus Unmatched Receiving Dipole Antenna with a Matched Transmitting Antenna Operating in Free Space. 4.5.2 Use of Directive Versus Nondirective Matched Transmitting Antennas Located at Different Heights Above the Earth for a Fixed Matched Receiver Height Above Ground. 4.5.2.1 Transmitting Horn Antenna at a Height of 20 m. 4.5.2.2 Transmitting Dipole Antenna at a Height of 20 m. 4.5.2.3 Orienting the Transmitting Horn or the Dipole Antenna Located at a Height of 20 m Towards the Receiving Antenna. 4.5.2.4 The Transmitting Horn or Dipole Antenna Located at a Height of 2mAbove Ground. 4.5.2.5 The Transmitting Horn or Dipole Antenna Located Close to the Ground but Tilted Towards the Sky. 4.5.2.6 The Channel Capacity as a Function of the Height of the Transmitting Dipole Antenna from the Earth. 4.5.2.7Presence of a Dielectric Wall Interrupting the Direct Line-of-sight Between the Transmitting and the Receiving Antennas. 4.6 Conclusions. 4.7 Appendix: History of Entropy and Its Evolution. References. Chapter 5. Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) Antenna Systems. 5.0 Summary. 5.1 introduction. 5.2 Diversity in Wireless Communications. 5.2.1 Time Diversity. 5.2.2 Frequency Diversity.5.2.3 Space Diversity. 5.3 Multiantenna Systems. 5.4 Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) Systems. 5.5 Channel Capacity of the MIMO Antenna Systems. 5.6 Channel Known at the Transmitter. 5.6.1 Water-Filling Algorithm. 5.7 Channel Unknown at the Transmitter. 5.7.1 Alamouti Scheme. 5.8 Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff. 5.9 MIMO under a Vector Electromagnetic Methodology. 5.9.1 MIMO versusSISO. 5.10 MORE APPLEALING RESULTS for a MIMO system. 5.10.1 Case Study: 1. 5.10.2 Case Study: 2. 5.10.3 Case Study: 3. 5.10.4 Case Study: 4. 5.10.5 Case Study: 5. 5.11 Physics of MIMO in a Nutshell. 5.11.1 Line-of-Sight (LOS) MIMO Systems with Parallel Antenna Elements Oriented Along the Broadside Direction. 5.11.2 Line of Sight MIMO Systems with Parallel Antenna Elements Oriented Along the Broadside Direction. 5.11.3 Non-line of Sight MIMO Systems with ParallelAntenna Elements Oriented Along the Broadside Direction. 5.12 Conclusions. References. Chapter 6. Use of the Output Energy Filter in Multiantenna Systems for Adaptive Estimation. 6.0 Summary. 6.1 Various Forms of the Optimum Filters.6.1.1 Matched Filter (Cross-correlation filter) [1]. 6.1.2 A Wiener Filter [1]. 6.1.3 An Output Energy Filter (Minimum Variance Filter) [1]. 6.1.4 Example of the filters [1]. 6.2 Direct Data Domain Least Squares Approaches to Adaptive Processing Based on a Single Snapshot of Data. 6.2.1 Eigenvalue Method [2,7,8]. 6.2.2 Forward Method [2,6] 218. 6.2.3 Backward Method [2,6] 219. 6.2.4 Forward-Backward Method [2,6]. 6.2.5 Real Time Implementation of the Adaptive Procedure [9-11]. 6.3 Direct Data Domain Least Squares Approach To Space-Time Adaptive Processing. 6.3.1 Two-Dimensional Generalized Eigenvalue Processor. 6.3.2 Least Squares Forward Processor. 6.3.3 Least Squares Backward Processor. 6.3.4 Least Squares Forward-Backward Processor. 6.4 Application of the Direct Data Domain Techniques to Airborne Radar for Space-Time Adaptive Processing. 6.5 Conclusion. References. Chapter 7. Minimum Norm Property for the Sum of the Adaptive Weights in Adaptive or in Space-Time Processing. 7.0 Summary. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Review of the Direct Data Domain least Squares Approach. 7.3 Review of Space-Time Adaptive Processing Based on the D3LS Method. 7.4 Minimum Norm Property of the Adaptive Weights at the DOA for the SOI for the 1-d Case andDoppler Frequency aT DOA for STAP. 7.5 Numerical Examples. 7.6 Conclusions. References. Chapter 8. Using Real Weights in Adaptive and Space-Time Processing. 8.0 Summary. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Formulation of A Direct Data Domain LeastSquares Approach Using Real Weights. 8.2.1 Forward Method. 8.2.2 Backward Method. 8.2.3 Forward-Backward Method. 8.3 Simulation Results for Adaptive processing. 8.4 Formulation of an Amplitude-Only Direct Data Domain Least Square Space-Time Adaptive Processing. 8.4.1 Forward Method. 8.4.2 Backward Method. 8.4.3 Forward-Backward Method. 8.5 Simulation Results. 8.6 Conclusion. References.Chapter 9. Phase-Only Adaptive and Space-Time Processing 301. 9.0 Summary. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Formulation of the Direct Data Domain Least Squares Solution for a Phase Only Adaptive System. 9.2.1 Forward Method. 9.2.2 Backward Method. 9.2.3 Forward-Backward Method. 9.3 Simulation Results. 9.4 Formulation of a Phase-Only Direct Data Domain Least Squares Space-Time Adaptive Processing. 9.4.1 Forward Method. 9.4.2 Backward Method. 9.4.3 Forward-Backward Method. 9.5 Simulation Results. 9.6 Conclusion. References 320. Chapter 10. SimultaneousMultiple Adaptive Beamforming. 10.0 Summary. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Formulation of a Direct Data Domain Approach for Multiple Beamforming. 10.2.1 Forward Method. 10.2.2 Backward Method. 10.2.3 Forward-Backward Method. 10.3 Simulation Results. 10.4 Formulation of a Direct data domain least squares Approach forMultiple Beamforming in Space Time Adaptive Processing. 10.4.1 Forward Method. 10.4.2 Backward Method. 10.5 Simulation Results. 10.6 Conclusion. References. Chapter 11. Performance Comparison Between Statistical-Based and Direct DataDomain Least Squares Space Time Adaptive Processing Algorithms. 11.0 Summary.11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Description of the various Signals of interest. 11.2.1 Modeling of the Signal-of-Interest. 11.2.2 Modeling of the Clutter. 11.2.3 Modeling of the Jammer. 11.2.4 Modeling of the Discrete Interferers. 11.3 Statistical Based STAP algorithms. 11.3.1 Full-Rank Optimum STAP. 11.3.2 Reduced-Rank STAP (Relative Importance of the Eigenbeam method). 11.3.3 Reduced-Rank STAP (based on the Generalized Sidelobe Canceller). 11.4 Direct Data Domain LeastSquares STAP Algorithms. 11.5 Channel Mismatch. 11.6 Simulation Results. 11.7Conclusion. References. Chapter 12. Aproximate Compensation for Mutual Coupling Using the In-Situ Antenna Element Patterns. 12.0 Summary. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Formulation of the new direct data domain least squares approach approximatEley compensating for the effects of mutual coupling using the in-situ element patterns. 12.2.1 Forward Method. 12.2.2 Backward Method. 12.2.3 Forward-Backward Method. 12.3 Simulation Results. 12.4 Reason for a Decline in the Performance of the Algorithm when the Intensity of the Jammer is Increased. 12.5 Conclusion. References. Chapter 13. Signal Enhancement Through Polarization Adaptivity on Transmit in a Near-Field MIMO Environment. 13.0 Summary. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Signal Enhancement Methodology Through Adaptivity on Transmit. 13.3 Exploitation of the Polarization Properties in the Proposed Methodology. 13.4 Numerical Simulations. 13.4.1 Example 1.. 13.4.2 Example 2.. 13.4.3 Example 3.. 13.5 Conclusion. References. Chapter 14. Direction of Arrival Estimationby Exploiting Unitary Transform in the Matrix Pencil Method and its Comparison with ESPRIT. 14.0 Summary. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 The Unitary Transform. 14.3 1-D Unitary Matrix Pencil Method Revisited. 14.4 Summary of the 1-D UnitaryMatrix Pencil Method. 14.5 The 2-D Unitray Matrix Pencil Method. 14.5.1 Pole Paring for the 2-
- ISBN: 978-0-470-19040-1
- Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 584
- Fecha Publicación: 04/07/2008
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- Idioma: Inglés