Handbook of biophotonics v. 3 Photonics in pharmaceutics, bioanalysis and environmental research

This new handbook covers the world of biophotonics not only geographically --with the editors coming from different continents -- but also in terms of content, since the authors come from the whole spectrum of biophotonic basic and applied research. Designed to set the standard for the scientific community, these three volumes break new ground by providing readers with the physics basics as well as the biological and medical background, together with detailed reports on recent technical advances. The Handbook also adopts an application-related approach, starting with the application and then citing the various tools to solve the scientific task, making it of particular value to medical doctors. Divided into several sections, the first part offers introductory chapterson the different fields of research, with subsequent parts focusing on the applications and techniques in various fields of industry and research. The result is a handy source for scientists seeking the basics in a condensed form, and equally a reference for quickly gathering the knowledge from neighboring disciplines.Absolutely invaluable for biophotonic scientists in their daily work. INDICE: List of Contributors XIIIPart One Process Control and Quality Assurance 11 Industrial Perspectives 3Andreas Kandelbauer, Manfred Rahe, and Rudolf W. Kessler1.1 Introduction and Definitions 31.1.1 Introduction 31.1.2 Historical Aspects 31.1.3 Definition of Quality: Product Functionality 41.1.4 Quality Control 81.1.5 Quality Assurance 91.2 Management and Strategy 91.2.1 PAT Initiative 91.2.2 PAT Toolbox 111.2.3 The Concept of Quality by Design (QbD) 121.2.4 ICH 131.2.5 The Concept of a Design Space 161.2.6 Implications for Other Branches of the Life Sciences 181.2.6.1 General Remarks 181.2.6.2 Biotechnology191.2.6.3 Food Industry 191.2.6.4 Summary and Outlook 201.3 Toolboxes for Process Control and Understanding 211.3.1 Introduction: Causality 211.3.2 Sampling 221.3.3 Process Validation 251.3.3.1 Role of Design of Experiments (DoE) 251.3.3.2 Role of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) 261.3.4 Measurement Technologies (How to Measure) 271.3.4.1 Selection of the Appropriate Technique 271.3.4.2 Working in Aqueous Systems 281.3.4.3 Trace Analysis 291.3.4.4 Qualification of a Spectrometer 291.3.5 Data Analysis and Calibration (How to ProcessData and How to Calibrate) 301.3.5.1 Introduction 301.3.5.2 Spectral Data Pretreatments and Data Cleaning 311.3.5.3 Chemometrics 321.3.5.4 Regression Analysis 331.3.6 Process Control (How to Control a Process) 341.4 Specific ProblemsEncountered in Industrial Process Analytics 371.4.1 Moisture Measurements (NIR, MW) 371.4.1.1 NIR Spectroscopy 371.4.1.2 Microwave Resonance Technique (MWR) 381.4.2 Process Analytics of Solids and Surfaces: Specular and Diffuse Reflectance 391.4.3 Working in Multiple Scattering Systems: Separating Scatter fromAbsorbance 411.4.3.1 Basics in the Measurement of Opaque Systems 411.4.3.2 Separation of Scatter from Absorption 431.4.3.3 Optical Penetration Depth 451.4.4 Spectral Imaging and Multipoint Spectroscopy 461.5 Survey Through IndustrialApplications 491.5.1 Selection of Applications 491.5.2 Pharmaceutical Industry 501.5.2.1 UV/Vis Spectroscopy 501.5.2.2 NIR Spectroscopy 501.5.2.3 Raman Spectroscopy 511.5.2.4 Imaging Techniques 511.5.3 Food and Agriculture 521.5.3.1 UV/Vis Spectroscopy 531.5.3.2 NIR Spectroscopy 531.5.3.3 Raman Spectroscopy 531.5.3.4 Imaging Techniques 541.5.4 Polymers 551.5.4.1 UV/Vis Spectroscopy 551.5.4.2 NIR Spectroscopy 551.5.4.3 Raman Spectroscopy 561.5.4.4 Imaging Techniques 561.6 Perspectives 561.6.1 Technology Roadmap 2015þ 561.6.2 Medical Applications and Tomographic Imaging 581.6.3 Multi- Point-Information Systems in Manufacturing 591.6.4 Multimodal Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy 601.6.5 Microreactor Control and Reaction Tomography 61References 632 Applications of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging in Pharmaceutics 71Aoife A. Gowen and Jos M. Amigo2.1 The New Paradigm of Process Control 712.2 Overview of Spectroscopic Techniques Commonly Used 722.3 The Need for Multivariate Data Analysis 752.3.1 Pre-Processing 752.3.2 Exploration Techniques 762.3.3 Regression, Resolution and Classification Techniques 772.3.4 Image Processing Techniques 772.4 Applications in Pharmaceutical Process Monitoring and Quality Control 782.4.1 Spray Formulations 782.4.2 Powders 792.4.3 Polymorphism 792.4.4 Solid Dosage Forms 802.4.5 Root Cause Analysis 802.4.6 API Distribution 802.4.7 Coatings 812.4.8 Counterfeit Identification 812.4.9 High Throughput Analysis 812.5 Issues Facing the Implementation of Spectroscopic Techniques in the Pharmaceutical Industry 822.5.1 Sampling 822.5.2 Spatial Resolution 832.5.3 Representativeness of the Measured Surface 842.5.4 Irregularities in the Measured Surface 852.6 Conclusions 85References 863 Quality Control in Food Processing 89Colette C. Fagan3.1 Introduction 893.2 Quality Applications 913.3 Safety Applications 943.4 AuthenticityApplication 963.5 Process Control 1023.6 Conclusions 1043.7 Glossary 104References 1054 Application of Optical Methods for Quality and Process Control of Topically Applied Actives in Cosmetics and Dermatology 111Juergen Lademann, Martina C. Meinke, Maxim E. Darvin, and Joachim W. Fluhr4.1 Introduction 1114.2 Laser Scanning Microscopy 1124.2.1 Fluorescence Measurements 1124.2.2 RemissionMeasurements 1194.2.3 Multiphoton Measurements 1194.3 Raman Spectroscopic Measurements 1214.4 Resonance Raman Spectroscopy 1234.5 Conclusions 123References124Part Two On-Site Analysis 1275 Agricultural Applications: Animal Epidemicsand Plant Pathogen Detection 129Robert M ller5.1 Introduction 1295.2 Diagnosis Under Field Conditions 1305.3 Immunological Based-Techniques 1315.3.1 Flow Through Format 1325.3.2 Lateral Flow Assays 1335.4 Nucleic Acid-Based Testing 1345.5 Emerging Technologies 1355.6 Conclusion 137References 1386 On-Site Analysis 141Günther Proll and Günter Gauglitz6.1 Introduction 1416.2 Substances to be Monitored 1436.3 Optical Methods for Monitoring 1446.4 Assays 1546.5 Applications 1586.5.1 Chemical Contaminants, EDCs, Pharmaceuticals and Toxins 1586.5.2 Pathogens 1616.6 Perspectives and Visions 162References 163Part Three Security Applications 1737 Body Scanner 175Torsten May and Hans-Georg Meyer7.1 Introduction 1757.2 X-Ray Techniques 1767.2.1 Overview 1767.2.2 Physical and Technical Background 1767.2.3 Backscatter Imaging 1777.2.4 Transmission Imaging 1797.3 Millimeter Wave Electronic Techniques 1807.3.1 Overview 1807.3.2 Physical and Technical Background 1807.3.3 Active Imaging 1827.3.4 Passive Imaging 1847.4 Sub-Millimeter Wave (Terahertz) Photonic Techniques 1867.4.1 Overview 1867.4.2 Physical and Technical Background 1877.4.3 Active Imaging 1887.4.4 Passive Imaging 1897.5 Conclusion and Outlook 191References 1918 Detection of Explosives 195Wolfgang Schade, Rozalia Orghici, Mario Mordmüller, and Ulrike Willer8.1 Introduction 1958.2 Optical Methods for the Detection of Explosives - Overview 1968.2.1 State of the Art Spectroscopic Methods 1998.2.1.1 Absorption Spectroscopy 1998.2.1.2 Detection of Decomposition Products and Fragments 2008.2.1.3 Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) 2018.2.1.4 Raman Spectroscopy2028.2.1.5 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Explosives 2048.2.1.6 Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy 2068.2.2 Novel Approaches 2078.2.2.1 Femtosecond Coherent Control 2078.2.2.2 THz-Spectroscopy 2088.2.2.3 Photonic Ring Resonator Sensors 2098.3 Summary 213References 213Part Four High Throughput and Content Screeming 2199 High-Throughput and -Content Screening/Screening for New Pharmaceutics 221Astrid Tannert and Michael Schaefer9.1 Introduction 2229.2 Targets 2239.3 Substance Libraries 2249.4 Biomarkers and Labels 2269.4.1 Labels for Cell-Free Assays 2279.4.2 Labeling of Cells 2279.4.2.1 Synthetic Fluorophores 2279.4.2.2 Genetically-Encoded Marker Proteins 2289.5 Instrumentation 2299.6 Assays 2309.6.1 Fluorescence Polarization 2319.6.2 Time-Resolved Fluorescence 2349.6.3 Proximity Assay 2359.6.4 Protein Complementation Assays 2369.6.5 Resonance Energy Transfer 2369.6.6 Fluorescence Fluctuation Approaches 2379.6.7 Reporter Gene Expression 2389.6.8 Measurement of Intracellular Calcium 2389.6.9 Indicators forIon Channel Activity 2419.6.10 Flow Cytometry 2429.6.11 Automated Microscopy 2439.6.11.1 Image Analysis 2459.7 Data Mining and Quality Control 2469.7.1 Quality Control 2469.7.1.1 Random and Systematic Errors 2479.7.1.2 Compound Interferences 2489.7.2 Identification of Hits 2499.8 Conclusions 249References 25010 Optical Measurements for the Rational Screening of Protein Crystallization Conditions 257Christoph Janzen and Kurt Hoffmann10.1 Introduction 25710.2 Stateof the Art of Protein Crystallization Techniques 25810.3 A New Crystallization Method that Enables the Use of Optical Measurement Technologies 26210.4 Optical Measurements for a Rational Crystallization Process 26310.4.1 Static LightScattering for the Analysis of the Pre-Nucleation Phase 26410.4.2 Dynamic Light Scattering for the Analysis of the Nucleation Phase 26610.4.3 Quantitative Polarization Microscopy for the Analysis of the Post-Nucleation Phase 26810.5 Development of a New Optical Instrument 27110.5.1 Measurement of Static and Dynamic Light Scattering in Small Volumes 27110.5.2 Quantitative Polarization Microscopy 27410.5.3 System Integration, Automation and Data Processing 27410.6 Optical Measurements 27510.6.1 Static Light Scattering 27610.6.1.1 Instrument Performance 27610.6.1.2 Measuring the Virial Coefficient of Proteins 27710.6.1.3 Development of the Virial Coefficient with Different Solvent Parameters 28010.6.2 Dynamic Light Scattering 28110.6.3 Quantitative Polarization Microscopy28410.7 Outlook - An Iterative Optimization Process Based on Optical Measurements 285References 288Index 291

• ISBN: 978-3-527-41049-1
• Editorial: Wiley-VCH
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 320
• Fecha Publicación: 04/04/2012
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés