Paddlefish have become of increasing interest to the aquaculture community in recent years, particularly as a potential new source of seafood and caviar. Native to North America, paddlefish show great promise both domestically and internationally as a commercially viable farmed species. Paddlefish Aquaculture examines all aspects of the biology and culture of these fish, exploring their physiology, production, end products and the economics underlying a successful paddlefish operation. Chapters specifically cover paddlefish biology, propagation and early culture techniques, production for meat and caviar, international culture and history, paddlefish food products, bioaccumulants of contaminants in paddlefish, parasites and diseases, and the economics of paddlefish aquaculture. Paddlefish Aquaculture is a timely practical reference for researchers and producers interested in paddlefish. INDICE: Contributors xi .Preface xiii .Foreword xv .Chapter 1 Introduction 1William L. Shelton and Steven D. Mims .1.1 Introduction 1 .1.2 Historical Fishery Overview 2 .1.3 Overview of Natural Reproduction 5 .1.4 International Regulating Factors 5 .1.5 Why Culture Paddlefish? 6 .References 6 .Chapter 2 Biology 11William L. Shelton .2.1 Introduction 11 .2.2 Taxonomic Relationships 11 .Taxonomic Hierarchy 11 .2.3 Biogeography 12 .2.3.1 Native Range 12 .2.3.2 River Systems 12 .2.3.3 Reservoir Systems 13 .2.3.4 Non ]Native Introductions 14 .2.3.5 Gene Pool 14 .2.3.6 Habitat 17 .2.4 Anatomy 17 .2.4.1 General Anatomical Features 17 .2.4.2 Rostrum or Paddle 20 .2.4.3 Internal Anatomy 22 .Skeleton 22 .Gill Rakers 22 .Digestive System 23 .Female Reproductive System General 24 .Ontogeny of the Ovary and Seasonal Oogenesis 25 .Male Reproductive System General 26 .Ontogeny of the Testes and Seasonal Spermatogenesis 26 .2.5 Physiology 28 .2.6 Reproductive Biology 34 .2.6.1 Gonadal Development and Sex Determination 34 .2.6.2 Reproduction 37 .2.6.3 Sexual Maturity and Spawning Frequency 37 .2.6.4 Pituitary Gland 38 .2.6.5 Fecundity 39 .2.6.6 Natural Spawning 40 .2.6.7 Egg Maturation and Ovulation 40 .2.6.8 Fertilization 42 .2.6.9 Developmental Embryogeny 43 .2.6.10 Developmental Rate (tau, 0) 44 .2.6.11 Cleavage and Gastrulation 47 .2.6.12 Organogenesis 48 .2.6.13 Larvae and Juveniles 49 .2.7 Ecology and Management of Natural Stocks 51 .2.7.1 Food Habits 51 .2.7.2 Growth Juveniles 51 .2.7.3 Age and Growth 53 .2.7.4 Potential Fishery Yield 55 .2.7.5 Sport Fishing 57 .2.7.6 Commercial Fishing 58 .2.8 Fish Culture 61 .2.8.1 Domestic Culture for Stocking Programs 61 .2.8.2 Foodfish Culture 62 .2.9 Summary 63 .References 63 .Chapter 3 Propagation and Early Culture Techniques 77Steven D. Mims and William L. Shelton .3.1 Introduction 77 .3.2 Hatchery and Nursery Facilities 77 .3.2.1 Location 77 .3.2.2 Water Supply and Quality 77 .3.2.3 Brood and Culture Tanks 79 .3.3 Brooders 79 .3.4 Induced Spawning 80 .3.4.1 Brooder Selection by Egg Evaluation 80 .3.4.2 Hormones and Injection Guidelines 81 .3.5 Gamete Collection 86 .3.5.1 Spermiating and Sperm Collection 86 .3.5.2 Morphology and Characteristics of Paddlefish Milt and Spermatozoa 86 .3.5.3 Sperm Cryopreservation 87 .3.5.4 Ovulation and Egg Collection 90 .3.6 Fertilization and Egg Incubation 92 .3.7 Fry Hatching and Development 96 .3.8 Sex Manipulation 97 .3.8.1 Induced Meiotic Gynogenesis and Expected Sex Ratio 98 .3.8.2 Sex Reversal 103 .3.9 Shipment and Transport 106 .3.10 Feeding 107 .3.10.1 Critical Feeding Period 107 .3.10.2 Daphnias as Live Food 108 .3.10.3 Daphnia Morphology and Anatomy 109 .3.10.4 Daphnia Reproduction 110 .3.10.5 Environmental Factors for Daphnia Growth 111 .3.10.6 Daphnia Cultivation and Harvest 111 .3.10.7 Prepared Diets 111 .3.11 Phase ]0, ]I, and ]II Paddlefish Culture 112 .3.11.1 Phase ]I Culture 112 .3.11.2 Phase ]I Pond Culture 112 .3.11.3 Phase ]I Tank Culture 114 .3.11.4 Phase ]I Comparison of Live Food Versus Prepared Diets 115 .3.12 Phase ]II Culture Systems 117 .3.12.1 Phase ]II Pond Culture 117 .3.12.2 Phase ]II Pond Water Quality 117 .3.12.3 Aquatic Weed Control 118 .3.12.4 Phase ]II Tank Culture Using Decommissioned Wastewater Treatment Facilities 119 .3.13 Summary 120 .References 122 .Chapter 4 Paddlefish Production for Meat and Caviar 129Richard J. Onders and Steven D. Mims .4.1 Introduction 129 .4.2 Polyculture 129 .4.2.1 Open Pond System 129 .4.2.2 In ]Pond Raceway System 130 .4.3 Intensive Monoculture 132 .4.4 Extensive Pen Culture 134 .4.5 Reservoir Ranching 135 .4.5.1 Private Reservoirs 136 .4.5.2 Public Waters 138 .Public Waters in China and the United States 138 .Socio ]Political and Economic Considerations 139 .Conflicts With Sport Fishing 141 .Biological Considerations 142 .4.5.3 Reservoir Ranching Study 142 .4.5.4 Bioenergetics Modeling 143 .4.5.5 Losses of Stocked Paddlefish 144 .Predation 144 .Escape of Stocked Paddlefish 148 .Poaching 148 .4.6 Summary 149 .References 150 .Chapter 5 Paddlefish: International Status 153Steven D. Mims .5.1 Introduction 153 .5.2 International History 155 .5.2.1 Introduction as a Foodfish 155 .5.2.2 Paddlefish as an Ornamental Fish 156 .5.3 Non ]us Countries with Paddlefish Aquaculture 157 .5.4 Chinese Paddlefish 167 .5.4.1 Life History 167 .5.4.2 Descriptive Morphology 168 .5.4.3 Feeding 168 .5.4.4 Sexual Maturity and Spawning 168 .5.4.5 Potential Propagation and Cultivation Techniques 169 .5.4.6 Chinese Paddlefish Broodfish Exploration 171 .5.5 Regulations and Permits 171 .5.5.1 International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 171 .5.5.2 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) 173 .5.5.3 Lacey Act 174 .5.5.4 Practical Examples of Lacey Act Violations 175 .5.5.5 Conspiracy Act 176 .5.6 Summary 176 .References 177 .Chapter 6 Paddlefish Food Products 179Joshua L. Herring and Steven D. Mims .6.1 Introduction 179 .6.2 Caviar 179 .6.2.1 Paddlefish Caviar 180 .6.2.2 History 181 .6.2.3 Caviar Preparation 182 .6.2.4 Nutritional Qualities of Caviar 187 .6.2.5 Caviar Safety Control 187 .6.3 Paddlefish Meat 188 .6.3.1 Lipids and Fatty Acids 189 .6.3.2 Processing 190 .6.3.3 Storage 190 .6.3.4 Value ]added Products 192 .Hot ]Smoked Fish 192 .Surimi 193 .6.4 Food Quality and Safety 195 .6.4.1 Water Activity 195 .6.4.2 Water ]Phase Salt 195 .6.5 Regulating Agencies 196 .6.5.1 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 196 .6.5.2 Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) 196 .6.6 Scientific Principles 197 .6.7 Regulatory Guidelines 197 .6.8 Haccp Development 198 .6.9 Summary 199 .References 199 .Appendix 6.1: Paddlefish Recipes 202 .Paddlefish Recipes from the United States 202 .Paddlefish Curry 202 .Cornmeal Rolled Paddlefish with Shrimp Succotash 202 .Crispy Fried Paddlefish 203 .Paddlefish Fajitas 204 .Potato Wrapped Paddlefish 204 .Paddlefish Recipes from China 205 .Sliced Paddlefish with Lemon 205 .Fried Sliced Paddlefish 205 .Steamed Paddlefish with Chopped Pepper 206 .Crisp Paddlefish 206 .Spicy Double ]Cooked Paddlefish 207 .Spicy Paddlefish 208 .Chapter 7 Bioaccumulation of Contaminants in Paddlefish 209Deke T. Gundersen .7.1 Introduction 209 .7.2 Bioaccumulative Contaminants in the Environment 209 .7.2.1 PCBs 209 .7.2.2 DDT 210 .7.2.3 Other Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 212 .7.2.4 Mercury 212 .7.3 Contaminants that Bioaccumulate in Tissue 214 .7.4 Consumption Advisories in Large River Systems 218 .7.5 Partitioning of Bioaccumulative Contaminants 220 .7.6 Factors Affecting Contaminant Levels 222 .7.7 Summary 223 .References 223 .Chapter 8 Paddlefish Diseases 227Robert M. Durborow, Roman Kuchta and Tomá Scholz .8.1 Introduction 227 .8.2 Taxonomic Hierarchy of Paddlefish Maladies 227 .8.2.1 Bacterial Diseases 227 .8.2.2 Viral Disease 228 .8.2.3 Parasite Infections 231 .Protists 231 .Metazoan Parasites 234 .8.2.4 Other Diseases and Conditions 245 .8.3 Immunity 246 .8.4 Water Quality ]Related Conditions 246 .8.4.1 Dissolved Oxygen 246 .8.4.2 High Nitrite (Brown Blood Disease) 247 .8.5 Diagnostic Case History: Ksu 1990 2012 248 .8.6 Disease Treatment 248 .8.6.1 Potassium Permanganate (KMnO ) 249 .Potassium Permanganate (KMnO ) Demand Test 250 .8.6.2 Copper Sulfate (CuSO ) 253 .8.6.3 Formalin 254 .8.6.4 Salt 254 .8.6.5 Perox ]Aid® (35%) 256 .8.7 Summary 257 .References 257 .8.1 Appendix Paddlefish Disease Cases At Ksu ]Fddl 261 .Parasites Found In/On Paddlefish 264 .Bacterial infections Found In/On Paddlefish 264 .Other Diseases Found In/On Paddlefish 265 .Chapter 9 The Economics of Paddlefish Aquaculture 267Siddhartha Dasgupta .9.1 Introduction 267 .9.2 Economics of a Paddlefish Hatchery and Nursery 267 .9.3 Intensive Paddlefish Monoculture in Ponds 273 .9.4 Paddlefish Polyculture in Catfish Ponds 279 .9.5 Paddlefish Reservoir Ranching 280 .9.6 Conclusions 287 .9.7 Summary 288 .References 289 .Index 291
- ISBN: 978-0-8138-1058-4
- Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 320
- Fecha Publicación: 05/10/2015
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés