Design and Construction of Nuclear Power Plants

Despite all the efforts being put into expanding renewable energy sources, large–scale power stations will be essential as part of a reliable energy supply strategy for a longer period. Given that they are low on CO2 emissions, many countries are moving into or expanding nuclear energy to cover their baseload supply. Building structures required for nuclear installations whose protective function means they are classified as safety–related, have to meet particular construction requirements more stringent than those involved in conventional construction. This book gives a comprehensive overview from approval aspects given by nuclear and construction law, with special attention to the interface between plant and construction engineering, to a building structure classification. All life cycle phases are considered, with the primary focus on execution. Accidental actions on structures, the safety concept and design and fastening systems are exposed to a particular treatment. Selected chapters of the German concrete yearbook Beton–Kalender are now available in English. The new English BetonKalender Series delivers internationally useful engineering expertise and industrial know–how from Germany. The Beton–Kalender was founded in 1906 in Berlin, and very soon after it has become a bible for construction engineers. Its founder Fritz von Emperger (1862–1942) thought that it should support the annual progress of the new building method with ferro–concrete structures until its tempestuous development would be brought to the end. But, with exception 1945–50 it is published annually until today. INDICE: Editorial  IX Preface XI 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The demand for energy 1 1.2 Electricity generation 1 1.3 Importance of nuclear energy  3 2 Nuclear energy 5 2.1 Generating electricity by nuclear power plants  5 2.2 Nuclear fission  5 2.3 Radioactivity 7 2.4 Reactor designs. 9 2.4.1 Overview 9 2.4.2 Light water reactors  11 2.5 Safety philosophy  16 3 Approval aspects 23 3.1 Atomic energy and construction law 23 3.2 Interface between plant and structural engineering 23 3.3 Periodical safety reviews  24 3.4 Planning and design requirements 24 3.4.1 IAEA Rules 24 3.4.2 European catalogue of requirements  25 3.4.3 Safety standards of nuclear safety commission 25 3.4.4 DIN Codes  26 4 Building structures for nuclear plants  27 4.1 General notes  27 4.2 Nuclear power plants  27 4.2.1 Building structure classification system  27 4.2.2 Materials  31 4.2.2.1 General notes  31 4.2.2.2 Concrete 31 4.2.2.3 Reinforcing steel 33 4.2.2.4 Pre–stressing steel  33 4.2.3 Reactor building  33 4.2.4 Turbine building  36 4.2.5 Cooling water supply 37 4.2.6 Flood protection structures 37 4.2.7 Foundations  38 4.2.7.1 Raft foundations 38 4.2.7.2 Pile foundations  39 4.2.8 Physical protection requirements of building structures  39 4.3 Disposal structures 40 4.3.1 Disposal requirements  40 4.3.2 Interim storage 40 4.3.2.1 Safety requirements  43 4.3.2.2 Design criteria 43 4.3.2.3 Building design 44 4.3.3 Final storage  45 4.4 Building execution 47 4.4.1 Site installations 47 4.4.2 Project organisation  48 4.4.3 Quality assurance 51 4.4.4 Formwork and scaffolding 51 4.4.5 Other particular construction features  53 4.4.5.1 Reactor building –– containment 53 4.4.5.2 Embedded parts  55 4.5 Dismantling  56 4.5.1 Legal foundations and rules 57 4.5.2 Decommissioning strategies  57 4.5.3 Dismantling phases 58 4.5.4 Individual structural measures involved in dismantling  60 4.5.5 Structural demolition technologies 60 5 Extraordinary actions involved when designing nuclear installations 63 5.1 Overview 63 5.2 Internal factors 63 5.2.1 Leaks and ruptures of pipes  63 5.2.2 Other internal installation events  65 5.3 External actions  65 5.3.1 Earthquakes  65 5.3.1.1 General notes  65 5.3.1.2 Defining seismic actions 67 5.3.1.3 Structural analysis 68 5.3.2 Floods  72 5.3.2.1 General notes  72 5.3.2.2 Inland sites  72 5.3.2.3 Coastal sites  72 5.3.3 Airplane crash 73 5.3.3.1 General notes  73 5.3.3.2 Load over time functions  74 5.3.4 Explosion pressure wave (chemical explosion) 75 6 Safety concept and design 77 6.1 Underlying standards 77 6.2 Partial safety concept 77 6.2.1 General notes  77 6.2.2 Partial safety factors and combination factors for actions 78 6.2.3 Partial safety factors for structural resistance 78 6.3 Design instructions for concrete, reinforced and pre–stressed concrete structures 81 6.3.1 Strength parameters  81 6.3.2 Shear force 81 6.3.3 Punching shear 82 6.4 Design instructions for steel components. 84 6.5 Particularities of containment design  85 6.5.1 Requirements of containments  85 6.5.2 Reactor containment of steel  86 6.5.3 Pre–stressed concrete containments with steel liners 86 6.5.4 Reinforced concrete containments with steel liners  87 7 Fastening systems 89 7.1 Fastening types  89 7.1.1 Cast–in fastenings  89 7.1.2 Post–mounted fastenings 90 7.1.3 Load–bearing capacity  90 7.2 Fastening with headed studs  90 7.2.1 History  90 7.2.2 Usage and characteristics 91 7.2.3 Load–bearing behaviour of headed studs 94 7.2.4 Standards and approvals  94 7.2.5 Planning and design 95 7.2.5.1 Basics 95 7.2.5.2 Verification of load–bearing capacity and serviceability  95 7.2.6 Quality assurance, material quality  97 7.2.7 Production and installation  98 7.2.7.1 Manufacturing of anchor plates with headed studs  98 7.2.7.2 Installing anchor plates on site  98 7.3 Fastenings with metallic anchors 99 7.3.1 History  99 7.3.2 Overview of anchor types 100 7.3.3 Safety concept 103 7.3.3.1 Installation safety 103 7.3.4 Approvals 105 7.3.4.1 General 105 7.3.4.2 Tests according to DIBt guideline  105 7.3.5 Design and dimensioning  106 7.4 Corrosion protection  106 7.5 Fire resistance  106 8 Waterproofing of structures 107 8.1 Purposes on waterproofing structures 107 8.2 Requirements of waterproofing structures 107 8.3 Black tank  107 8.3.1 Waterproofing methods and materials  107 8.3.2 Designing structural waterproofing  109 8.3.3 Structural detailing  110 8.3.4 Designing the structural waterproofing  110 8.3.4.1 Inspection and permitting design phase 110 8.3.4.2 Execution design phase  111 8.3.5 Construction of the structural waterproofing 111 8.3.6 Quality assurance 112 8.4 White tank 112 8.4.1 System specification  112 8.4.1.1 General requirements 112 8.4.1.2 Engineering principles 113 8.4.2 Particular requirements 114 8.4.3 Design and calculation 114 8.4.4 Joint detailing 114 8.4.5 Penetrations  114 8.4.6 Responsibilities 114 8.4.7 Quality assurance 115 8.4.8 Repairs  115 8.5 Waterproofing concept using the example of the OL3 nuclear power plant 115 9 Ageing and life cycle management 117 9.1 Overview 117 9.2 Ageing management of buildings 117 9.3 Ageing mechanisms in building materials 119 9.4 Implementation and documentation  119 References 121 Index 131

• ISBN: 978-3-433-03042-4
• Editorial: Wiley VCH
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 150
• Fecha Publicación: 23/04/2013
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés