Readers continue to turn to Klein?s Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, 4th Edition because it enables them to better understand fundamental principles, solve problems, and focus on what they need to know to succeed. The fourth edition explores the major principles in the field and explains why they are relevant. It is written in a way that clearly shows the patterns in organic chemistry so that readers can gain a deeper conceptual understanding of the material. Topics are presented clearly in an accessible writing style along with numerous hands–on problem solving exercises. INDICE: Chapter 1 Aromaticity xx .1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds xx .1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds xx .1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity xx .1.4 Lone Pairs xx .Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy xx .2.1 Vibrational Excitation xx .2.2 IR Spectra xx .2.3 Wavenumber xx .2.4 Signal Intensity xx .2.5 Signal Shape xx .2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum xx .Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy xx .3.1 Chemical Equivalence xx .3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) xx .3.3 Integration xx .3.4 Multiplicity xx .3.5 Pattern Recognition xx .3.6 Complex Splitting xx .3.7 No Splitting xx .3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) xx .3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum xx .3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy xx .Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution xx .4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids xx .4.2 Nitration xx .4.3 Friedel–Crafts Alkylation and Acylation xx .4.4 Sulfonation xx .4.5 Activation and Deactivation xx .4.6 Directing Effects xx .4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators xx .4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects xx .4.9 Synthesis Strategies xxx .Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution xxx .5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution xxx .5.2 SNAr Mechanism xxx .5.3 Elimination–Addition xxx .5.4 Mechanism Strategies xxx .Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes Xxx .6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes xxx .6.2 Stability and Reactivity of C¨O Bonds xxx .6.3 H–Nucleophiles xxx .6.4 O–Nucleophiles xxx .6.5 S–Nucleophiles xxx .6.6 N–Nucleophiles xxx .6.7 C–Nucleophiles xxx .6.8 Some Important Exceptions to the Rule xxx .6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems xxx .Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Xxx .7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives xxx .7.2 General Rules xxx .7.3 Acid Halides xxx .7.4 Acid Anhydrides xxx .7.5 Esters xxx .7.6 Amides and Nitriles xxx .7.7 Synthesis Problems xxx .Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates xxx .8.1 Alpha Protons xxx .8.2 Keto–Enol Tautomerism xxx .8.3 Reactions Involving Enols xxx .8.4 Making Enolates xxx .8.5 Haloform Reaction xxx .8.6 Alkylation of Enolates xxx .8.7 Aldol Reactions xxx .8.8 Claisen Condensation xxx .8.9 Decarboxylation xxx .8.10 Michael Reactions xxx .Chapter 9 Amines xxx .9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines xxx .9.2 Preparation of Amines through SN2 Reactions xxx .9.3 Preparation of Amines through Reductive Amination xxx .9.4 Acylation of Amines xxx .9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid xxx .9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts xxx .Chapter 10 Diels–Alder Reactions xxx .10.1 Introduction and Mechanism xxx .10.2 The Dienophile xxx .10.3 The Diene xxx .10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions xxx .Answer Key xxx .Index xxx
- ISBN: 978-1-119-11065-1
- Editorial: John Wiley & Sons
- Encuadernacion: Rústica
- Páginas: 400
- Fecha Publicación: 29/04/2016
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés