Nanoparticle Exposures in the Workplace

While invaluable for their uses in medicine as a drug delivery system or as an imaging agent in cancer detection, nanoparticles do present possible medical and environmental dangers. Due to the thousands of commercial and medical applications for engineered nanoparticles currently available or under development, guidelines for evaluating and controlling exposure to engineered nanoparticles are essential. Designed for EHS professionals working with nanoparticles, this important reference outlines the acceptable levels of exposure to nanoparticles and describes methods for evaluating and controlling worker exposure to engineered nanoparticles. With case studies on various nanoparticle exposures, the book sheds light on the toxicity of such nanoparticles as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, TiO2, and metal nanoparticles as well as routes of exposure, such as skin and the respiratory system. INDICE: 1. Introduction1.1 Why a Book on Nanotechnology Health and Safety?1.2 Some Scenarios1.3 Organization of the Material1.4 Our Approach to Nanoparticle Health and Safety2. What is a Nanoparticle?2.1 Nanotechnology, Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles2.2 Naturally–occurring Nanoparticles2.3 Industrial Nanoparticles2.4 Engineered Nanoparticles2.5 Emerging Uses for Engineered Nanoparticles2.6. Other Useful Definitions2.7 Summary3. Why are we Concerned? The Unique Properties of Nanoparticles3.1. Surface–to–volume ratio3.2 Particle size3.3 Particle Concentration3.4 Dose Metrics: Particle Number, Surface Area, Morphology and Surface Properties3.5 Implications for the Occupational and Environmental Health Impacts of Nanoparticles3.6 Implications for Physical Risks3.7 Summary4. Routes of Exposure for Engineered Nanoparticles4.1 Introduction4.2 Engineered Nanoparticle Exposure through Inhalation4.3 Engineered Nanoparticle Exposure through Dermal Contact4.4 Engineered Nanoparticle Exposure through Ingestion4.5 Translocation of Nanoparticles from the Lung4.6 Summary5. Current Knowledge on the Toxicity of Nanoparticles5.1 Introduction5.2 The Toxicity of Industrial Nanoparticles5.3 Nanoparticle Toxicity General Concepts5.4 Carbon Nanotubes5.5 Fullerenes5.6 Quantum Dots5.7 Metal–based Nanoparticles5.8 Summary6. Sources of Exposure6.1 Overview of Occupational Exposures6.2 Occupational Exposures in Research Facilities6.3 Occupational Exposures in Manufacturing Facilities6.4 Exposure Potential for ENPs in Different Physical States6.5 Environmental Exposures to Engineered Nanoparticles7. Evaluation of Exposures to Engineered Nanoparticles7.1 Current Knowledge Concerning Exposure to Engineered Nanoparticles7.2 Exposure to Engineered Nanoparticles by Inhalation7.3  Dermal Exposures to Engineered Nanoparticles7.4 Evaluation of Exposures in Aquatic Environments8. Exposure Characterization8.1 Exposure Characterization Steps8.2 Exposure Measurement Strategies8.3 Data Analysis and Interpretation8.4 Statistical Analysis of Data8.5 Practical Aspects of Aerosol Sampling and Microscopy Techniques8.6 Practical Applications and Limitations8.7 Typical Production Processes8.8 Case Study: Manual Handling of Nanoparticles8.9 Case Study: Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes8.10 Case Study: Exposure from Twin Screw Extrusion Compounding9. Control of Occupational Exposures to Engineered Nanoparticles9.1 Control of Airborne Exposures9.2 Control of Dermal Exposures9.3 Administrative Controls and Good Work Practices9.4 Respiratory Protection9.5 Case Study – comparison of the performance of various fume hoods9.6 Case Study performance of non–traditional fume hoods10.  Control of Environmental Exposures10.1 Control of Air Emissions10.2 Control of Water Emissions10.3 Nanoparticles in Solid Waste10.4 Control of Exposures throughout a Product s Life Cycle10.5 Uncertainties and Needed Research10.6 Case study – filtration control11. The Regulatory Environment for Engineered Nanomaterials11.1 Occupational Health Regulations11.2 Environmental Regulations11.3 Comparison of Nanotechnology Regulation under TSCA and REACH11.4 Private Law11.5 Conclusions12. Future Directions in Engineered Nanoparticle Health and Safety12.1 Where we are Today12.2 Human Health Effects Studies12.3 Exposure Assessment12.4 Optimal Approaches to Control Exposures12.5 The Future of Regulation12.6 Conclusions

• ISBN: 978-0-470-46706-0
• Editorial: Wiley–Blackwell
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 304
• Fecha Publicación: 26/02/2015
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés