Hydraulic Fracturing Explained: Evaluation, Implementation, and Challenges

Rocks mechanics legend Erle Donaldson, along with colleagues Waqi Alam and Nasrin Begum from the oil and gas consultant company Tetrahedron, have authored this handbook on updated fundamentals and more recent technology used during a common hydraulic fracturing procedure. Meant for technical and non-technical professionals interested in the subject of hydraulic fracturing, the book provides a clear and simple explanation of the technology and related issues to promote the safe development of petroleum reserves leading to energy independence throughout the world. INDICE: DedicationForewordPreface AcknowledgmentsList of FiguresList of TablesNomenclature Acronyms/AbbreviationsSymbolsGreek LettersCHAPTER 1. Hydraulic Fracturing Explained 1.1 Introduction1.2 Petroleum Hydrocarbons1.3 Petroleum Reserves in Shale1.4 Petroleum Demand1.5 Achieving Production of Hydrocarbons to Meet Demand1.6 Hydraulic Fracturing1.7 Environmental Issues Related to Hydraulic FracturingCHAPTER 2. Evaluation of Gas-Shale Formations 2.1 Sedimentary Formations2.2 Shale Formations2.3 Multistage Fractures2.4 Fracture Design (Frac-Implementation)2.5 Well Design from Surface to Reservoir2.6 Gas-Shale Reservoir Characterization2.7 Gamma-Ray Well-Log2.8 Density/Neutron Log2.9 Use of Seismic DataCHAPTER 3. Rock Mechanics of Fracturing 3.1 Introduction3.2 Young's Modulus of Elasticity (E)3.3 Poisson's Ratio (v)3.4 Bulk Modulus (KB)3.5 Shear Modulus (G)3.6 Effective Stress3.7 Mohr Stress Diagram3.8 Initiation of Fractures3.9 Propping the Fracture OpenCHAPTER 4. Fracture Fluids 4.1 Introduction4.2 Oil-Based Fracturing Fluids4.3 Water-Based Frac-Fluids4.4 Alcohol-based Frac-fluids4.5 Acid Frac-Fluid4.6 Foams4.7 Slick-Water?4.8 Surfactants4.9 Clay Stabilizers4.10 Temperature Stabilizers4.11 Fluid-Loss Additives4.12 Viscosity Breakers4.13 Biocides4.14 Buffers4.15 Frac-Fluid Preparation4.16 ConclusionCHAPTER 5. Field Implementation of Hydraulic Fracturing 5.1 Introduction5.2 Protecting Groundwater5.3 Waste Water Management in Hydraulic Fracture5.4 Fresh Water Management in Hydraulic Fracturing5.5 Reducing Surface Disturbance5.6 Controlling Noise, Lighting, and Traffic at Fracturing Job Sites5.7 Technical Considerations for the Success of Hydraulic Fracture Treatments5.8 Case Studies of Hydraulic FracturingCHAPTER 6. Environmental Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing 6.1 Surface and Subsurface Environmental Effects6.2 Water Withdrawals6.3 Surface Spills6.4 Wastewater Management6.5 Air Emissions6.6 Water Impoundments6.7 Human Health Impacts6.8 Where to Get Toxicity Information6.9 Chemicals Present In Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid6.10 Chemicals Present in Flow-Back Fluids6.11 Regulations for Protecting the Environment6.12 Regulations Currently ApplicableAPPENDIX A. Viscosity A.1 Power-Law FluidsAPPENDIX B. Surfactants, Emulsions, Gels, Foams B.1 SurfactantsB.2 EmulsionsB.3 FoamsAPPENDIX C. Calculations C.1 Subsurface Overburden and Horizontal StressC.2 Fracture Initiation PressureC.3 Fracture Propagation PressureC.4 Matrix PermeabilityC.5 Fracture SizeC.6 Rock Matrix Mechanical PropertiesC.7 SummaryGlossaryReferencesIndex

• ISBN: 978-0-12-810152-0
• Editorial: Gulf Publishing Company
• Encuadernacion: Rústica
• Páginas: 224
• Fecha Publicación: 30/10/2017
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés