Neurologic Complications of Cancer reviews the impact of cancer on the nervous system. It examines the diagnosis and management of neurological complications of specific types of cancer, as well as the side effects of oncological treatments. Updated with approximately 30% new material it includes new diagnostic techniques and treatments. INDICE: INTRODUCTION . RATIONALE for NEURO-ONCOLOGY. Neurologic complications are common. Neurologic complications are increasing. Neurologic complications are serious. Diagnosis is difficult. Treatment helps. Research is essential. Biologic relationship of nervous system to cancer. CLASSIFICATION OF NEURO-ONCOLOGIC DISORDERS. Metastases. Nonmetastatic complications. Vascular disorders. Infections. Metabolic and Nutritional disorders. Side Effects of Cancer Treatment. "Remote Effects"-Paraneoplastic Syndromes. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT. Patient with known cancer. Patient without known cancer. EVALUATING THE PATIENT. Relevant scales. 2. Pathophysiology Of Nervous System Metastases. INTRODUCTION. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE METASTATIC PROCESS. Transformation and Growth. Vascularization (Angiogenesis). Invasion. Intravasation (blood vessels, lymph channels). Circulation. Arrest 1st capillary bed e.g. lung, liver, bone. Passage to arterial circulation. Arrest final capillary bed. Tumor Emboli. Extravasation. Dormancy. Growth in CNS. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS RELEVANT TO NERVOUS SYSTEM METASTASIS. Tumor Size and lymph node involvement. Properties of Metastases.Differences between a Primary Tumor and Its Metastasis. Site of Metastases. Hemodynamic hypothesis-relevance to nervous system metastases. Seed and soil hypothesis- relevance to nervous system metastases. Subtypes. Timing of Metastases. The Cascade Process. PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC FACTORS RELEVANT TO SPREAD AND GROWTH OF CANCER TO SPECIFIC NEURAL STRUCTURES. Brain. Spinal Cord. Vertebral metastases. Foraminal invasion. Epidural metastases. Consequences of spinal cord compression. Leptomeninges. Cranial and Peripheral Nerves. 3. Blood-Nervous System Barrier Dysfunction: Pathophysiology And Treatment. INTRODUCTION. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. Blood-Brain Barrier. Blood-Peripheral Nerve Barrier. Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier. DISRUPTION OF BLOOD-CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BARRIERS. Brain Edema. Other Sources of Disruption. Other Substances Causing Blood-BrainBarrier Breakdown. CONSEQUENCES OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER DISRUPTION: INCREASED INTRACRANIAL. PRESSURE, PLATEAU WAVES, AND CEREBRAL HERNIATION. Treatment of Cerebral Herniation. TRANSPORT OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ACROSS THE BLOOD-BRAINBARRIER. RESTORATION OF BLOOD-CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BARRIERS. Lowering Intracranial Pressure. Corticosteroids. Brain metastases. Spinal cord compression. Corticosteroids for other neurologic complications of cancer. Corticosteroid taper. Mechanisms of corticosteroid action on blood-brain barrier. 4. Supportive Care and Its Complications. INTRODUCTION. EDEMA/GLUCOCORTICOIDS. Salutary effects of corticosteroids. Unwanted side effects of corticosteroids. MYOPATHY. BEHAVIORAL/COGNITIVE SIDE-EFFECTS. INSOMNIA. HYPERGLYCEMIA. BONE DISORDERS. LIPOMATOSIS. VISUAL PROBLEMS. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS. Ulceration. Bowel Perforation. Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis. Colonic Ileus. Constipation/Diarrhea. OTHER SIDE-EFFECTS. DRUG INTERACTIONS. CORTICOSTEROID WITHDRAWL. SEIZURES/ANTICONVULSANTS. Incidence and Epidemiology. Therapy. STATUS EPILEPTICUS. PROPHYLATIC ANTICONVULSANTS. UNTOWARD EFFECTS of ANTICONVULSANTS. Drug interactions. Side-effects. VENOUS THROMBOSIS/ANTICOAGULANTS. PAIN/ANALGESIA. Other Sources of Disruption. Other Substances Causing Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown. CONSEQUENCES OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER DISRUPTION: INCREASED INTRACRANIAL. PRESSURE,PLATEAU WAVES, AND CEREBRAL HERNIATION. Treatment of Cerebral Herniation. TRANSPORT OF CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ACROSS THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. RESTORATION OF BLOOD-CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BARRIERS. Lowering Intracranial Pressure. Corticosteroids. Brain metastases. Spinal cord compression. Corticosteroids for other neurologic complications of cancer. Corticosteroid taper. Mechanisms of corticosteroid action on blood-brain barrier. 4. Supportive Care and Its Complications../…10. Central Nervous System Infections. INTRODUCTION. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION. Host Defenses. Physical barriers. Immunologic defenses. Multiple defects. Infection Sites within the Central Nervous System. Meningitis. Cerebritis and brain abscess. Meningoencephalitis. CLINICAL FINDINGS. Signs and Symptoms. Meningitis. General physical examination. Neurologic examination. Diagnosis. Lumbar puncture. CSF evaluation. Imaging. Meningoencephalitis. Brain Abscess. Vascular Lesions. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT. SPECIFIC ORGANISMS CAUSING CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER.T-Lymphocyte and Mononuclear Phagocyte Defects. Bacteria. Listeria. Nocardia.Fungi. Viruses. Varicella-Zoster. Varicella. Reye's syndrome. Zoster. Complications. Post-herpetic neuralgia. Paralysis. Myelitis. Urinary retention. Encephalitis. Cerebral vasculitis. Multifocal encephalopathy. Diagnosis. Herpes Simplex Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Cytomegalovirus. Other viruses. Parasites. Toxoplasma. Strongyloides. Eosinophilic meningitis. Neutrophil Defects. Enteric bacteria. Fungi. Aspergillus. Zygomycetes. Candida. Splenectomy or B-Cell Abnormalities. Bacteria. Streptococcus Pneumonia. Cerebrospinal Fluid-Surface Communication. Bacteria. Parasites. Other Infections. Infectious endocarditis. "Malignant" external otitis. 11. Delirium And Metabolic And Nutritional Complications of Cancer. INTRODUCTION. DELIRIUM ASSOCIATED WITH CANCER.Definitions. Incidence. Pathophysiology. Clinical findings. Diagnosis. Causesof delirium. METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER. Incidence. Clinical Signs. Laboratory Tests. Differential Diagnosis. Treatment. SPECIFIC METABOLIC CAUSES of DELIRIUM. Postoperative delirium. Drugs. Substrate deprivation. Hypoxia. Ischemia. Hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia. Sepsis. Critical illness weakness. Electrolyte imbalance. Hypercalcemia. Hypocalcemia. Hyponatremia. Hypernatremia. Hypomagnesemia. Hypophosphatemia. Endocrine and other organ dysfunction. Adrenal dysfunction. Adrenal failure. Adrenal excess. Hyper/hypo-thyroidism. Organ failure. Tumor lysis. Lactic acidosis. NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH CANCER. Malnutrition and Cachexia. Disorders of Nutrient Deprivation Associated with Cancer. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Vitamin B12/Folate deficiency. Carcinoid syndrome. 12. Side Effects Of Chemotherapy. INTRODUCTION. CLINICAL FINDINGS AND DIAGNOSIS. Peripheral Nervous System. Diffuse neuropathy. Focal neuropathy. Central Nervous System. Acute encephalopathy. Chronic encephalopathy. Other neurologic disorders. Non-neurologic toxicity. SPECIFIC AGENTS. Cytotoxic Agents. Alkylating Agents. Platinum-based agents. Cisplatin. Peripheral neuropathy. Cranial nerve neuropathy. Lhermitte's sign. Muscles. Hearing/vestibular. Visual/ocular toxicity. Encephalopathy. Nitrosoureas. Mustards. Ifosfamide. Cyclophosphamide. Melphalan. Chlorambucil. Other alkylating agents. Busulfan. Dacarbazine (DTIC)/ Temozolomide. Nitrogen mustard (Mechlorethamine).Procarbazine. Mitotane. Altretamine (Hexamethylmelamine). Thiotepa. Antineoplastic Antibiotics. Anthracyclines. Doxorubicin. Idarubicin, epirubicin,daunorubicin. Mitoxantrone. Other antibiotics. Bleomycin. Mitomycin C. Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D). Antimetabolites. Antifolates. Methotrexate (MTX). Aseptic meningitis. Encephalomyelopathy. Transverse myelopathy. Acute/subacute encephalopathy. Chronic encephalopathy. Pathophysiology. Pemetrexed. Cytidine analogs. Cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside, ara-C). 5-azacytidine/decitabine. Gemcitabine.Fluorinated pyridmidines. 5-fluorouracil. Capecitabine. Pentostatin. Purines and other antimetabolites. Adenosine analogs. Fludarabine. Cladribine. Pentostatin. Guanine analogs. Hydroxyurea. Plant Alkaloids. Vinca alkaloids. Vincristine. Vindesine, vinblastine, vinorelbine. Podophyllins. Etoposide. Teniposide.Taxanes. Paclitaxel, docetaxel. Other tubulin binding agents. Estramustine. Epothilones. Miscellaneous Cytotoxic Agents. L-Asparaginase. Amsacrine. Suramin. Camptothecins. Thalidomide. Combination Chemotherapy. Anti-neoplastic Hormones. Anti-estogens. Anti-androgens. Biologic Agents. Antibodies. Cellular therapies. Vaccines. Cytokines. Interleukins. Interferons. Immune enhancers. Immunosuppressive agents. Growth factors. Erythropoietin. Granulocyte stimulating factors. Interleukin-11. Keratinocyte growth factor. Small molecules. Imatinib. Gefitinib. Sunitnib. Sorafenib. Lapatinib. Tipifarnib. Bortezomib. Differentiation agents. All-trans-retinoic acid/arsenic trioxide. Hematopoietic stem celltransplantation. Adjuvant agents. Amifostine. Allopurinol. Zoledronic acid. 13. SIDE Effects Of Radiation Therapy. INTRODUCTION. BIOLOGY OF RADIATION DAMAGE. Ionization. Fractionation. Mechanisms of nervous system damage. The Linear-Quadratic Concept. DIAGNOSIS OF RADIATION-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY. Direct radiation damage to the nervous system. Brain. Acute encephalopathy. Early-delayed encephalopathy. Neurologic deterioration. Radiation somnolence syndrome. Focal encephalopathy. Pathogenesis. Late-delayed encephalopathy. Radiation necrosis.Cerebral atrophy. Post-irradiation "migraine". Treatment. Spinal Cord. Acute myelopathy. Early-delayed myelopathy. Late-delayed myelopathy. Progressive myelopathy. Lower motor neuron syndrome. Spinal hemorrhage. Peripheral nervous system. Cranial nerves. Olfactory nerve. Optic nerve. Ocular motor nerves. Trigeminal nerve. Facial nerve. Acoustic/Vestibular nerve. Lower cranial nerves. Peripheral Nerves. Brachial plexus. Acute brachial plexopathy. Early-delayed plexopathy. Late-delayed plexopathy. Acute ischemic plexopathy. Lumbosacral plexopathy. Sacral plexopathy. Muscle. Trismus. Dropped head syndrome. Indirect radiation damage to the nervous system. Radiogenic Tumors. Radiation-Induced Vasculopathy. Endocrine Dysfunction. Combination Radiation and Drugs. TREATMENT. 14. Neurotoxicity Of Surgical And Diagnostic Procedures. INTRODUCTION. DISORDERS RESULTING from ANESTHESIA. General Anesthesia. CNS Complications. Postoperative delirium/ Cog
- ISBN: 978-0-19-536674-7
- Editorial: Oxford University
- Encuadernacion: Cartoné
- Páginas: 656
- Fecha Publicación: 01/10/2008
- Nº Volúmenes: 1
- Idioma: Inglés