Handbook of Green Chemistry

There has been dramatic growth in the community of researchers and industrialists working in the area of Green Chemistry. There has been an increasing recognition by a wide–range of scientists and engineers in the chemical enterprise that the framework of Green Chemistry is relevant and enabling to their work. There has been a significant body of work that has accumulated over the past decade that details the breakthroughs, innovation and creativity within Green Chemistry and Engineering. While there have been edited volumes on Green Chemistry that collect a limited number of papers often on a particular topic area, there is not currently a series that seeks to provide a more comprehensive overview of the current state of the science. The lack of this type of series is a notable niche for which the continually growing Green Chemistry and engineering community would value and welcome.   The Handbook of Green Chemistry comprises of 9 volumes in total, split into 3 subject–specific sets. The three sets are available individually. All 9 volumes are available individually, too. Set I: Green Catalysis    – Volume 1: Homogeneous Catalysis    – Volume 2: Heterogeneous Catalysis    – Volume 3: Biocatalysis Set II: Green Solvents   – Volume 4: Supercritical Solvents   – Volume 5: Reactions in Water   – Volume 6: Ionic Liquids Set III: Green Processes   – Volume 7: Green Synthesis   – Volume 8: Green Nanoscience   – Volume 9: Designing Safer Chemicals The Handbook of Green Chemistry is also available as Online Edition . Podcasts Listen to two podcasts in which Professor Paul Anastas and Journals Editor Paul Trevorrow discuss the origin and expansion of Green Chemistry and give an overview of The Handbook of Green Chemistry . INDICE: About the Editors XIII List of Contributors XV 1 The Principles of and Reasons for Using Water as a Solvent for Green Chemistry 1 Ronald Breslow 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Binding of Two Species Together Driven by the Hydrophobic Effect in Water 2 1.3 Aromatic Chlorination 3 1.4 Acylation of Cyclodextrins by a Bound Ester 4 1.5 Mimics of Metalloenzymes Using the Hydrophobic Effect in Water 5 1.6 Mimics of the Enzyme Ribonuclease 7 1.7 Mimics of Enzymes that Use Pyridoxamine Phosphate and Pyridoxal Phosphate as Coenzymes 9 1.8 Artificial Enzymes Carrying Mimics of Thiamine Pyrophosphate 15 1.9 Enolizations and Aldol Condensations 17 1.10 Hydrophobic Acceleration of Diels–Alder Reactions 18 1.11 Selectivities in Water Induced by the Hydrophobic Effect – Carbonyl Reductions 18 1.12 Selectivities in Water Induced by the Hydrophobic Effect – Oxidations 19 1.13 Using Hydrophobic Effects in Water to Determine the Geometries of Transition States for Some Important Reactions 21 1.14 Conclusion 25 References 25 2 Green Acid Catalysis in Water 31 Chikako Ogawa and Sh—u Kobayashi 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Lewis Acids in Water 31 2.3 Chiral Lewis Acid–catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions in Water 36 2.4 Brønsted Acid Catalysis in Pure Water 45 2.5 Conclusion and Perspective 53 References 53 3 Green Bases in Water 57 José M. Fraile, Clara I. Herrerías, and José A. Mayoral 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Types of Bases and Their Use from a Green Point of View 58 3.3 Liquid–Liquid Processes 59 3.4 Solid–Liquid Processes 65 References 70 4 Green Oxidation in Water 75 Roger A. Sheldon 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Water–soluble Ligands 76 4.3 Oxidations Catalyzed by Metalloporphyrins and Metallophthalocyanines 76 4.4 Epoxidation and Dihydroxylation of Olefins in Aqueous Media 78 4.5 Alcohol Oxidations in Aqueous Media 85 4.6 Aldehyde and Ketone Oxidations in Water 94 4.7 Sulfoxidations in Water 96 4.8 Conclusion 97 References 98 5 Green Reduction in Water 105 Xiaofeng Wu and Jianliang Xiao 5.1 Introduction 105 5.2 Water–soluble Ligands 106 5.3 Hydrogenation in Water 108 5.4 Transfer Hydrogenation in Water 123 5.5 Role of Water 137 5.6 Conclusion 142 References 142 6 Coupling Reactions in Water 151 Lucie Leseurre, Jean–Pierre Genêt, and Véronique Michelet 6.1 Introduction 151 6.2 Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds and Derivatives 151 6.3 Reaction of Alkenes and Alkynes 163 6.4 Reaction of Organic Halides and Derivatives 172 6.5 Conclusion 191 References 191 7 .On Water. for Green Chemistry 207 Li Liu and Dong Wang 7.1 Introduction 207 7.2 Pericyclic Reactions 208 7.3 Addition of Heteronucleophiles to Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds 211 7.4 Enantioselective Direct Aldol Reactions 213 7.5 Coupling Reactions 215 7.6 Oxidation 221 7.7 Bromination Reactions 223 7.8 Miscellaneous Reactions 224 7.9 Theoretical Studies 226 7.10 Conclusion 227 References 227 8 Pericyclic Reactions in Water. Towards Green Chemistry 229 Jaap E. Klijn and Jan B.F.N. Engberts 8.1 Introduction 229 8.2 Pericyclic Reactions in Aqueous Media 234 8.3 Conclusion 267 References 268 9 Non–conventional Energy Sources for Green Synthesis in Water (Microwave, Ultrasound, and Photo) 273 Vivek Polshettiwar and Rajender S. Varma 9.1 Introduction 273 9.2 MW–assisted Organic Transformations in Aqueous Media 274 9.3 Sonochemical Organic Transformations in Aqueous Media 285 9.4 Photochemical Transformations in Aqueous Media 287 9.5 Conclusion 288 References 288 10 Functionalization of Carbohydrates in Water 291 Marie–Christine Scherrmann, André Lubineau, and Yves Queneau 10.1 Introduction 291 10.2 C–C Bond Formation Reactions 292 10.3 C–N Bond Formation Reactions 309 10.4 Functionalization of Hydroxy Groups 312 10.5 Glyco–organic Substrates and Reactions in Aqueous Sugar Solutions 319 10.6 Conclusion 324 References 324 11 Water Under Extreme Conditions for Green Chemistry 331 Phillip E. Savage and Natalie A. Rebacz 11.1 Introduction 331 11.2 Background 332 11.3 Recent Progress in HTW Synthesis 343 12 Water as a Green Solvent for Pharmaceutical Applications 363 Peter Dunn 12.1 Introduction – Is Water a Green Solvent? 363 12.2 Water–based Enzymatic Processes 363 12.3 Processes in Which the Product is Isolated by pH Adjustment to the Isoelectric Point 374 12.4 Carbon–Carbon Bond–forming Cross–coupling Reactions in Water 375 12.5 Pharmaceutical Processes Using Mixed Aqueous Solvents 378 12.6 Conclusion 380 References 382 13 Water as a Green Solvent for Bulk Chemicals 385 Ferenc Joó and Ágnes Kathó 13.1 Introduction 385 13.2 Hydroformylation – an Overview 386 13.3 Water as Solvent for Hydroformylation 393 13.4 Water as Solvent in the Production of 2,7–Octadien–1–ol (Kuraray Process) 403 13.5 Conclusion 405 References 406 Index 409

• ISBN: 978-3-527-32591-7
• Editorial: Wiley VCH
• Encuadernacion: Cartoné
• Páginas: 436
• Fecha Publicación: 14/08/2013
• Nº Volúmenes: 1
• Idioma: Inglés